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APPLICATION PROTOCOL No. 4
USE OF Nematodead™ FOR NEMATODE INTEGRATED NEMATODE CONTROL INTRODUCTION WHAT ARE NIMATODES? Parasitic Nematodes are economically devastating because they feed on the roots, seeds, buds, and tubers of plants. Some nematodes live and feed within the tissue of these parts. Thus, whether it is carrots or potatoes, citrus trees or grapevines, these plants either die or have poor productivity, especially when the attack is on the roots of seedlings immediately after germination. In the case of developed plants, direct root feeding can drastically decrease plant's uptake of nutrients and water as well as create open pass-ways that allow a wide variety of plant-pathogenic micro-organisms to entry into the plant. Such microbial infestations are often more damaging than the direct effects of nematodes feeding on the roots. Thus, the combination of the two can be fatal to the plant. For example, Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species), the Cyst nematodes (Heterodera species), and the Root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus species) are amongst the most economically devastating endoparasitic root feeders. Root-knot nematodes form galls on injured plant tissue, which block water and nutrients flow, stunt the growth of plants, impair its fruit production, and cause foliage to wilt. Roots become rough, pimpled and cracked. Cyst nematodes make plants appear severely malnourished with diminished tops. Foliage wilt and curl easily, roots thicken, and become tough, red or brown. Root-lesion or Meadow nematodes cause internal browning in potato tubers and in the roots of corn, lettuce, peas, carrots, and tomatoes. Nematodead™ AS
A UNIQUE EFFECTIVE SOLUTION However, Nematodead™ presents a far superior and most effective alternative. Because it can be used even up to the time of harvest. Systematic protocols and procedures employing Nematodead™, can be used consistently from the seed stage to the harvest time without any damage or problems to the plants, fruits or grains. Apart from protecting plants from nematodes, Nematodead™ can also effectively protect plants from other insect and pathogenic infestations, enhance plants' immune system and promote healthy growth. WHAT IS Nematodead™: Nematodead™ is Organic, Non-flammable, Non-toxic, Non-Allergenic, Non-Oxidative, Non-corrosive, Stable, Homogeneous, 100% Water Soluble with a pH of 7.5, Biodegradable, Non-staining, Leaves no permanent residue, Safe to store, handle and use and is Ecologically Remedial. It is classified as Environmental and Odor Eliminating Bio-Surfactant General Cleaner. Its ingredients are: (1) Non-chlorinated, balanced Distilled Water, (2) Extracts from Edible Vegetation (Plants) in the form of: [a] Sulfonated Surfactants, [b] Cellulose, and, [c] Mineral Salts. Its source vegetations are (1) Dietary Annual Leguminosae, (2) Dietary Annual Cereal Grass, (3) Edible Marine Laminaiales. They are established sources of the following NATURAL ingredients: Minerals: (Bromides, Calcium, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorus, Potassium, Selenium, Sodium, Sulfur, and Zinc), Vitamins: (A, B1, B3, B5, B6, B9, B12, Biotine, C, Choline, E, Inositol, PAPA), and Phytochemicals: (Enzymes, Alginic Acid, Isoflavones, Phytic Acid, and Sabonins), as well as Allelochemicals. Nematodead™, represents a NEW concept that does not conform to conventional methods of toxic chemical preparations. Its ingredients are intended to work in accord with each other to respond to the specific NATURAL problems and resolve them in harmony with Nature. Nematodead™ does not poison. It may act in one or more of the following ways to kill insects and pathogens: (1) Osmotic Dehydration, (2) Neutralization of bodily fluids, e.g., de-acidification (3) Encapsulation and/or emulsification of bodily fats, (4) Prevention of breathing (5) Enhanced oxygenation, and, (6) Enzymatic over-stimulation [Insects naturally produce enzymes to shed (molt) their outer shell (exoskeleton) so that they can pass through their growth cycle (metamorphosis)]. Because Nematodead™ "greatly enhances and stabilizes the enzyme activity [by up to] 90-95%," it induces, upon contact, the premature shed and deterioration of the outer shell of insects (exoskeleton). Thus, it induces premature death of the organism. Furthermore, the Allelochemicals in Nematodead™ tend to affect the behavior of organisms in its environment. For example, together with the by-products of enzymatic degradation they tend to interfere with and interrupt the organism's reproductive cycles. WHAT ARE THE ADDITIONAL
BENEFITS OF Nematodead™? Nematodead™ acts naturally to repel and control insect infestation and protect against damage by insects and pathogens to the stem, roots, leaves and fruits. Nematodead™ efficiently combats root rot, maggots, worms, beetles and aphids. This capability enhances the plants' opportunity for more protected and healthier growth. When mixed with compost or organic manure, Nematodead™ acts to prevent formation and emission of foul odors. Similarly, it protects against infestation by insects, mites, smut and fungi. This is very significant when applying such fertilizers to soil or plants. Not only does it prevent the usual introduction of contaminants, but it also protects against potential attacks and infestation by insects and pathogenic micro-organisms, especially hepatitis-causing ones. Nematodead™ posses Preservative Qualities, by which seeds and bulbs are protected. When seeds and bulbs are treated with NematodeadPlus™ and left to dry, they do not rot or get destroyed by insects. Actually, when germinated, residues of the solution get dissolved by water and create a protective zone around the geminating seed, thus, protecting it from rot, pathogens, insects, and, of course, nematodes. It also provides the budding plant with a quick shot of natural boost that increases its nutritional intake and enhances its auto-immune defense system. Nematodead™ is potently effective in reducing or inhibiting growth of harmful fungus and microorganisms. When Nematodead™ is used with ionized water in greenhouses, nematodes, mildew, fungus, algae, bacteria or other pathogens or microorganisms cannot develop freely. THE USE OF Nematodead™
FOR THE CONTROL OF NIMATODES The standard dilution rate for the initial soil treatment is 1 part of Nematodead™ and 20 parts of water. It is always better to use Nematodead™ before the soil is planted, preferably when the soil is being plowed and turned over. The preferable method is either by using back spray-fogger or plow-mounted sprayer at the back to spray after the soil is turned over. Then the land is left for 2 to 3 weeks before planting. Sometimes, depending on the intensity of infestation, it might be necessary to repeat the process. [For densely infested soil, it might be necessary to use a higher concentration of 1 part to 5 parts of water]. After the 3 weeks, the land is irrigated, before planting, with water that is mixed with Nematodead™ at the rate of 1 to 200 parts of water. Then the land is plowed again after drying. After planting, the soil is irrigated with water mixed with Nematodead™ at the rate of 1 to 2,000. In the case of greenhouses, the mixture ratio depends on the type of plant being grown. The average concentration can vary between 1 to 20; up to 1 part to 200. [Nematodead™ sometimes do not work well with acidic plants]. For grown-up trees, the soil must be turn up as wide and deep as possible before it is irrigated with a concentration of 1 part to 5 parts of water. After 15 days, the concentration for irrigation is 1 part to 20 parts of water. After one month the dilution rate is 1 to 200 parts. Although certain difficulties can to be expected, yet the systematic use of Nematodead™ becomes necessary. For example, Cyst and Root-knot nematodes are very difficult to combat because they are very difficult to reach due to their within-root lifecycle. However, because Nematodead™ is 100% water soluble, it is absorbed by the roots and thus exposes those nematodes to the lethality of Nematodead™. That is why the best way to eradicate nematodes is to integrate the use of Nematodead™ in the Soil Management approach. Nematodead™ remains in the soil, and accumulate with repeated use to form a protected environment that is inhospitable for insects and pathogens. Nematodead™ &
SOIL MANAGEMENT It is noted that nematode infestation is activated by soil disturbance. Yet, fields that are left unplanted and weed-free for one to two years after plowing usually have an 80 to 90% per-year reduction in Root-knot populations. Such host-free period can be achieved in one or even half a season if Nematodead™ is used in the process of aeration/dehydration. This is because turning up the soil brings nematodes to the surface of soil and expose them to the lethal effects of Nematodead™. In sunny and warm climates, soil solarization is exceptionally effective in controlling nematodes when Nematodead™ is used. Thus, before stretching the plastic covers, the tilled soil is sprayed abundantly with Nematodead™ at the concentration of 1 to 5 and left covered for about eight weeks. With the rise of temperature in the plastic-trapped heat, Nematodead™ dissolved in the vaporized moisture act as a bio-fumigant. A similar effect is achieved when Nematodead™ is used in the steaming process, especially when steam machines are used. Generally, adding compost, manure and other organic matter to the soil, reduces the nematode populations. However, mixing Nematodead™ with such organic additives will enhance the process and result in a number of additional protections from the nematodes. That is because higher soil content of organic-matter increases the capacity of soil's to hold water. In the presence of Nematodead™, with its very high water solubility, that water becomes a lethal environment for nematodes. Furthermore, Nematodead™ maximizes the soil's "digestive system," while increasing general decomposition. Nematodead™ can also be incorporated in soil amendments programs for nematode control. Thus, it can be premixed with nematode-suppressive organic matters such as sawdust, bone meal, horn meal, compost, and manure. Because water usually helps disperse nematodes, it is always advisable to add Nematodead™ to the water at a higher concentration if flooding is used as a method of nematode control. The effectiveness of Nematodead™ is especially enhanced in warm climates. Following flooding, the soil must be turned over and left to dry up. As the soil dries up, the concentration, and thus the lethality of Nematodead™ is increased. This will enhance the destruction of nematode egg masses. However, because Nematodead™ increases oxygenation, and reduces hydrogen sulfide and soil acidity, it is advisable to pre-test in a typical soil sample that is subjected to identical protocol. Even if Nematodead™ stimulates hatching of Cyst nematode eggs, the emerging larvae do not develop into the reproductive stage. Usually, such larvae die on prolonged contact with Nematodead™ or when they ingest any amounts of it. This reduces the density of infestation for the next crop cycle. ADDITIONAL MEASURES
TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF NEMATODES
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